I-
Description-
Many Empires around the world collapsed and were replaced by new political systems and imperial states. Following the collapse of previous imperial empires in their regions the dynasties of China as well as the Byzantine empire reintroduced imperial governments to their kingdoms. New political entities in the Islamic world emerged as well as decentralized European and Japanese governments. At this same time foreign traditions brought about by conquerors synthesized with local traditions in their areas. In the Americas Mayan city-states and Aztec imperialism flourished.
Many Empires around the world collapsed and were replaced by new political systems and imperial states. Following the collapse of previous imperial empires in their regions the dynasties of China as well as the Byzantine empire reintroduced imperial governments to their kingdoms. New political entities in the Islamic world emerged as well as decentralized European and Japanese governments. At this same time foreign traditions brought about by conquerors synthesized with local traditions in their areas. In the Americas Mayan city-states and Aztec imperialism flourished.
Evidence-
This piece of visual evidence shows the decentralized feudal system that developed in Europe at the time. The Europeans relied on Serfs to do the manual labor while their overseers provided land and tools for farming and were given a small portion of the crop production. Created an agricultural European economy.
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Textual Evidence- Equal-field system, Chinese (Pinyin) juntian or (Wade-Giles romanization) chün-t’ien, official institution of land distribution and tax collection in traditional China and Japan. The system originated in China in 485 ce by order of the emperor Xiaowendi of the Bei (Northern) Wei dynasty(386–534/535 ce). It provided for the assignment of agricultural lands to all adult peasants and thereby slowed the accumulation of lands by wealthy families.- Britannica on Tang China
Shows the effect of the equal-field system on Tang China and what it did for the people by allowing them to have well distributed land for their individual uses.
Shows the effect of the equal-field system on Tang China and what it did for the people by allowing them to have well distributed land for their individual uses.
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/402623272.jpg?250)
Equal Field System- A system of land distribution developed during the Tang dynasty where people were given land based on family size and needs.
Tributary States- System developed by China in which other states provided both ceremonial and physical tribute to China; developed due to Chinese belief of superiority.
Code of Justinian- Code of laws developed by the Byzantine king Justinian to help centralize his empire under common law code.
Theme System- Byzantine system of centralization developed through organizing provinces called themes.
Caeseropapism- Political policy in Byzantine Empire where head of government simultaneously acted as a religious authority.
Tributary States- System developed by China in which other states provided both ceremonial and physical tribute to China; developed due to Chinese belief of superiority.
Code of Justinian- Code of laws developed by the Byzantine king Justinian to help centralize his empire under common law code.
Theme System- Byzantine system of centralization developed through organizing provinces called themes.
Caeseropapism- Political policy in Byzantine Empire where head of government simultaneously acted as a religious authority.
II-
Description-
Through inter-societal relation and conflict technologies and cultures diffused into many different areas of the world. This cultural diffusion encouraged diversity among cultures while technological diffusion suggests trade and important connections between empires. These connections included those between Chinese and Islam, Christianity and Islam, as well as all lands linked by large empires such as the mongols.
Through inter-societal relation and conflict technologies and cultures diffused into many different areas of the world. This cultural diffusion encouraged diversity among cultures while technological diffusion suggests trade and important connections between empires. These connections included those between Chinese and Islam, Christianity and Islam, as well as all lands linked by large empires such as the mongols.
Evidence-
Textual Evidence-
Bedouins spread out over the pastures of the Arabian Peninsula in the centuries C.E., and are descendants from the first settlers of the Southwestern Arabia (Yemen), and the second settlers of North-Central Arabia, claimed descendants of Ishmael, who are called the Qayis. The rivalry between both groups of the Bedouins has raged many bloody battles over the centuries.- New World Encyclopedia.
Shows the effect that the certain cultures have on one another specifically the Bedouins with their constant conflict among a common ethnic group. Resulted from inter-cultural contact that led to tense nomadic relations.
Bedouins spread out over the pastures of the Arabian Peninsula in the centuries C.E., and are descendants from the first settlers of the Southwestern Arabia (Yemen), and the second settlers of North-Central Arabia, claimed descendants of Ishmael, who are called the Qayis. The rivalry between both groups of the Bedouins has raged many bloody battles over the centuries.- New World Encyclopedia.
Shows the effect that the certain cultures have on one another specifically the Bedouins with their constant conflict among a common ethnic group. Resulted from inter-cultural contact that led to tense nomadic relations.
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/combat-deuxie-me-croisade.jpg?1511025862)
Vocabulary-
Block Printing- New method of printing developed during the Song dynasty that facilitated the development of paper money throughout the Mongol empire.
Crusades- Series of Holy wars where Christianity attacked Islamic lands in an effort to gain back the Holy land.
Rashid al-Din- Scholarly connection between mongol courts in Iran and Chins
Arabic Numerals- Arabic number system that diffused into Europe to progress mathematical and astronomical progress all over the world.
Bedouins- Polytheistic nomads that lived on the arabian peninsula and created powerful tribal identities.
Block Printing- New method of printing developed during the Song dynasty that facilitated the development of paper money throughout the Mongol empire.
Crusades- Series of Holy wars where Christianity attacked Islamic lands in an effort to gain back the Holy land.
Rashid al-Din- Scholarly connection between mongol courts in Iran and Chins
Arabic Numerals- Arabic number system that diffused into Europe to progress mathematical and astronomical progress all over the world.
Bedouins- Polytheistic nomads that lived on the arabian peninsula and created powerful tribal identities.
Primary Source Docs-
"The country is huge and the responsibility for it is heavy. A huge country cannot be evenly governed by the emperor alone; the responsibility is too great for one man. Thus, the emperor should enfeoff relatives to guard the outlying prefectures. Whether the country is at peace or in danger, they cooperate; whether the country is thriving or declining, they work together with one heart. Both distant and close relations are supported and employed; encroachment and rebellion are prevented."- Excerpts from Emperor Taizong on Effective Government
Primary Source Document showing Tang Taizong's method of governing the tang dynasty
Primary Source Document showing Tang Taizong's method of governing the tang dynasty
"When walking, don’t turn your head; when talking, don’t open your mouth wide; when sitting, don’t move your knees; when standing, don’t rustle your skirts; when happy, don’t exult with loud laughter; when angry, don’t raise your voice. The inner and outer quarters are distinct; the sexes should be segregated"- Excerpts from Analects for Women By Song Ruozhao
Statement from Song literature that displays the ideas of patriarchy that developed during the period.
Statement from Song literature that displays the ideas of patriarchy that developed during the period.