2.3 I
I. With the rise of large empires, new trade routes became important forms of communication and exchange. As inter-regional trade became more apparent in the Eastern Hemisphere, trade routes on land and through the sea were established and continued to develop as they became more widely traveled.
A. This key concept focuses on the increase of trans-regional trade through land and water routes such as the Silk Roads in Eurasia, Trans-Saharan caravan routes, sea lanes in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. These different routes developed distinct features and characteristics based upon climate, traded goods and the culture of those who used these routes.
A. This key concept focuses on the increase of trans-regional trade through land and water routes such as the Silk Roads in Eurasia, Trans-Saharan caravan routes, sea lanes in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. These different routes developed distinct features and characteristics based upon climate, traded goods and the culture of those who used these routes.
Evidence
"How suitable and essential it is that this plague and pestilence, which seems so terrible and ferocious, probes the justice of every individual and examines the minds of the human race to determine whether the healthy care for the ill..." (Chapter 12 pg.301).
This treatise by a Christian bishop in Rome displays how the aspect of trade allowed for the rapid spread of disease. The probability of getting the disease did not pay any attention to who you were, but rather whether you were in contact with it. As merchants traveled from empire to empire, via the Silk Roads for instance, took the plague along with them, infecting even more people
This treatise by a Christian bishop in Rome displays how the aspect of trade allowed for the rapid spread of disease. The probability of getting the disease did not pay any attention to who you were, but rather whether you were in contact with it. As merchants traveled from empire to empire, via the Silk Roads for instance, took the plague along with them, infecting even more people
Vocabulary
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/colorful-gypsy-caravan-history.jpg?1507676240)
- Trans-regional- across multiple regions and defined areas
- Climate- the long term weather conditions of an area
- Sea Lane- a trade route that primarily runs through water
- Caravan- a group of people, typically merchants, travelling across a region
- Ethnicity- a social group that shares similar beliefs and culture
2.3 II
II. As long-distance trade became more common, new technologies were invented to create a more efficient flow in trade. These technologies became very important in maintaining the commercial and cultural exchange between different regions.
A. Due to developments with domestic animals, pack animals were able to be used to transport goods long distances more efficiently. The Trans-Saharan caravan routes show the effect of these developments as the use of camels to transport goods long distances creates a desired ease in trade between long-distanced regions.
B. Land routes are not the only ones affected by the developments and innovations at this time, but sea routes became more popular as we developed a closer understanding on natural processes such as monsoon winds. This expansion of knowledge leads to the establishment of longer sea routes such as maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia.
A. Due to developments with domestic animals, pack animals were able to be used to transport goods long distances more efficiently. The Trans-Saharan caravan routes show the effect of these developments as the use of camels to transport goods long distances creates a desired ease in trade between long-distanced regions.
B. Land routes are not the only ones affected by the developments and innovations at this time, but sea routes became more popular as we developed a closer understanding on natural processes such as monsoon winds. This expansion of knowledge leads to the establishment of longer sea routes such as maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia.
Evidence
"And King Solomon made a navy of ships in Enziongeber [a port on the Guilf of Aqaba]. And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon...brought in from Ophir great plenty of almug trees and precious stones" (Chapter 2 pg. 51).
This Hebrew scriptural record within the early societies of Southwest Asia shows that advances in trade technology led to enhanced cultural exchange, which is exactly what is occurring within the passage above. King Solomon created an entire navy of ships, which led him to bring in several trees and precious stones into his land.
This Hebrew scriptural record within the early societies of Southwest Asia shows that advances in trade technology led to enhanced cultural exchange, which is exactly what is occurring within the passage above. King Solomon created an entire navy of ships, which led him to bring in several trees and precious stones into his land.
Vocabulary
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/500988-448910-monsoon.jpg?1507676395)
- Monsoon- seasonal weather conditions in South East Asia creating potentially dangerous sailing seasons
- Maritime- in reference with the sea
- Domesticate- to tame an animal as a pet for farming purposes
- Commercial- engaged in commerce
- Innovation- a new method, invention or idea
2.3 III
III. Although trade routes were established to promote the exchange of goods between regions, the exchange of knowledge, culture and disease also occurred through these extensive trade routes over time.
A. Agricultural innovations and the spread of certain crops, such as rice and cotton, traded between regions through these trans-regional routes has a major impact on specific regions as these new irrigation and farming techniques promote a change in agricultural.
B. Not all exchanged items, however, were beneficial to any region involved in these routes such as the Bubonic Plague which was spread at ease with the aid of the Silk Road. Disease and pathogens that were traded through an abundance of regions had a heavy influence on the decline of empires such as Han China and the Roman Empire.
C. Religious and cultural syncretism occurred as Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism were spread into different regions of the world where they adapted to an area's culture and people. As merchants carrying a variety of beliefs and culture traveled throughout the world, they began to share and spread customs and traditions of their own which heavily influences the later cultural and religious standings of a region.
A. Agricultural innovations and the spread of certain crops, such as rice and cotton, traded between regions through these trans-regional routes has a major impact on specific regions as these new irrigation and farming techniques promote a change in agricultural.
B. Not all exchanged items, however, were beneficial to any region involved in these routes such as the Bubonic Plague which was spread at ease with the aid of the Silk Road. Disease and pathogens that were traded through an abundance of regions had a heavy influence on the decline of empires such as Han China and the Roman Empire.
C. Religious and cultural syncretism occurred as Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism were spread into different regions of the world where they adapted to an area's culture and people. As merchants carrying a variety of beliefs and culture traveled throughout the world, they began to share and spread customs and traditions of their own which heavily influences the later cultural and religious standings of a region.
Evidence
"Brahma was before the Gods were, the Creator of all, the Guardian of the Universe. The vision of Brahman, the foundation of all wisdom, he gave in revelation to his first born son Atharvan" (Chapter 4 pg.102).
The notion of syncretic religions is the merging of religions, but another key aspect is that certain religions came about to suits the needs of society and in order to gain traction, they evolved from the core ideas of pre-existing faiths. For instance, the monotheistic premise of Judaism and Islam may have evolved from Hinduism's almost monotheistic perspective on the superiority of Brahman, and even more Islam, as his son was revealed the "word of God."
The notion of syncretic religions is the merging of religions, but another key aspect is that certain religions came about to suits the needs of society and in order to gain traction, they evolved from the core ideas of pre-existing faiths. For instance, the monotheistic premise of Judaism and Islam may have evolved from Hinduism's almost monotheistic perspective on the superiority of Brahman, and even more Islam, as his son was revealed the "word of God."
Vocabulary
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/irrigation-12.png?1507676622)
- Syncretism- the merging of different cultures and beliefs
- Pathogen- a bacteria or virus that can cause disease
- Bubonic Plague- a bacterial infection that killed 60% of Europe's population in the Middle Ages
- Irrigation- the supply of water to crops
- Qanat- a sloping underground channel to direct the flow of water where needed
Helpful Video
This map shows many different trade routes throughout the Eastern Hemisphere. Key concept 2.3 primarily discusses the importance of these trade routes as they allowed for cultural, commercial and intellectual exchange between distinct regions. As different cultures came into contact with each other, they eventually adapted to each other which in turn shaped the culture and beliefs in areas involved with these trade routes.
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/editor/download_1.jpg?1507685581)
This map shows many different trade routes throughout the Eastern Hemisphere. Key concept 2.3 primarily discusses the importance of these trade routes as they allowed for cultural, commercial and intellectual exchange between distinct regions. As different cultures came into contact with each other, they eventually adapted to each other which in turn shaped the culture and beliefs in areas involved with these trade routes.
Primary Documents
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