Audio Summary
I-
Description-
Peoples of the world began to align themselves with faiths and form bonds with one another over their belief systems. These belief systems gave people an ethical code to follow and guide them in their decisions in their daily lives. Jewish monotheism was spread around the Mediterranean by constant conquering of their original home by larger states such as Rome. Vedic religions developed later into Hinduism which formed the basis for the caste system's societal and political roles in the lives of its people.
Peoples of the world began to align themselves with faiths and form bonds with one another over their belief systems. These belief systems gave people an ethical code to follow and guide them in their decisions in their daily lives. Jewish monotheism was spread around the Mediterranean by constant conquering of their original home by larger states such as Rome. Vedic religions developed later into Hinduism which formed the basis for the caste system's societal and political roles in the lives of its people.
Evidence:
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/989966222.jpg?1507410628)
This piece of visual evidence shows the roman conquest into areas that had originally been Jewish states. These large scale conquests dispersed the Jewish peoples living in areas conquered and caused them to form communities around new areas of the Mediterranean.
Textual Evidence-
"Paul himself was a devout Jew from Anatolia who accepted Christian teachings and became a zealous missionary seeking converts from outside as well as within the Jewish community. Indeed, he was the principal figure in the development of Christianity from a Jewish sect to an independent religious faith"- Chapter 11 pg 259
As religious ideas developed people began to slowly accept new faiths and decide one for themselves. This quote relates as a profound leader in the Christian community had been originally a devout Jew. He was part of a different faith only later deciding his own faith for himself as it was spread by the Roman Empire and by other followers of Jesus' teachings.
"Paul himself was a devout Jew from Anatolia who accepted Christian teachings and became a zealous missionary seeking converts from outside as well as within the Jewish community. Indeed, he was the principal figure in the development of Christianity from a Jewish sect to an independent religious faith"- Chapter 11 pg 259
As religious ideas developed people began to slowly accept new faiths and decide one for themselves. This quote relates as a profound leader in the Christian community had been originally a devout Jew. He was part of a different faith only later deciding his own faith for himself as it was spread by the Roman Empire and by other followers of Jesus' teachings.
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/171160058.jpg?250)
Vocabulary
Monotheism- Worship of one god or deity above all .
Caste System- Social system outlined by a religion that determines one's position in society. Makes social mobility more difficult.
Codification- The action of arranging laws, rules, or guide lines according to a system.
Scripture- Religious writings that are kept sacred by their respective faith.
Monism- A theory or idea that expresses an interest in some sort of duality found in the universe.
Monotheism- Worship of one god or deity above all .
Caste System- Social system outlined by a religion that determines one's position in society. Makes social mobility more difficult.
Codification- The action of arranging laws, rules, or guide lines according to a system.
Scripture- Religious writings that are kept sacred by their respective faith.
Monism- A theory or idea that expresses an interest in some sort of duality found in the universe.
II-
Description-
As states began to grow and encompass more areas and peoples, religion became more widespread and beliefs began to change and intensify. Buddhism spread throughout much of Asia through merchants and trade, being taught in schools, and was affected by the beliefs of the neighboring Hindus. Confucius' writings and ideas were spread throughout China by rulers and higher ranking officials trying to provide a common philosophy for the Chinese. Daoism had an effect on the culture in China by stressing a relationship between nature and humans. Although hostility at first faced Jesus' teachings of Christianity in the Roman Empire, slowly his ideas began to take hold in most of the area. Older Greek and Roman religions focused on a natural connection to the divine through science and logic. All of these religions had a profound effect on the art, architecture and culture of the time.
As states began to grow and encompass more areas and peoples, religion became more widespread and beliefs began to change and intensify. Buddhism spread throughout much of Asia through merchants and trade, being taught in schools, and was affected by the beliefs of the neighboring Hindus. Confucius' writings and ideas were spread throughout China by rulers and higher ranking officials trying to provide a common philosophy for the Chinese. Daoism had an effect on the culture in China by stressing a relationship between nature and humans. Although hostility at first faced Jesus' teachings of Christianity in the Roman Empire, slowly his ideas began to take hold in most of the area. Older Greek and Roman religions focused on a natural connection to the divine through science and logic. All of these religions had a profound effect on the art, architecture and culture of the time.
Evidence:
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/852686946.jpg?1507414167)
Visual evidence of the effect that religions had on art and architecture. This cathedral, built by the Roman Empire in Aachen, Germany, was an expensive and timely task that took the effort from the people through taxes and labor. Its interior serves as a gaudy shrine with depictions of events from the bible and intricate designs of angels and other divine beings from the Christian religion.
Textual Evidence-
The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots requires reverent attention to business, sincerity, economy in expenditures, and love for men, as well as the employment of the people only in the right seasons."
The Master said, "If the people are governed by laws and punishment is used to maintain order, they will try to avoid the punishment but have no sense of shame. If they are governed by virtue and rules of propriety [ritual] are used to maintain order, they will have a sense of shame and will become good as well."
This primary source document is evidence for the reason Confucianism was so widely accepted by ruling bodies in China. It displays the right amount of power the philosophy gave the rulers over the people they governed through a moral basis for the rules they had to follow. Better enforcement of laws.
The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots requires reverent attention to business, sincerity, economy in expenditures, and love for men, as well as the employment of the people only in the right seasons."
The Master said, "If the people are governed by laws and punishment is used to maintain order, they will try to avoid the punishment but have no sense of shame. If they are governed by virtue and rules of propriety [ritual] are used to maintain order, they will have a sense of shame and will become good as well."
This primary source document is evidence for the reason Confucianism was so widely accepted by ruling bodies in China. It displays the right amount of power the philosophy gave the rulers over the people they governed through a moral basis for the rules they had to follow. Better enforcement of laws.
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/378129347.jpg?250)
Vocabulary:
Hellenism- The culture of ancient Greece as it was spread by the conquest of Alexander the Great of Macedonia.
Dao- The force of the cosmos that governs the events of the world according to Daoism
Asceticism- Devoted self discipline and avoidance of indulgence to follow a more loyal religious path
Messiah-In religions such as Christianity and Judaism, refers to the one chosen to lead and save the world.
Prophet- an inspired teacher or trainer of God's will
Hellenism- The culture of ancient Greece as it was spread by the conquest of Alexander the Great of Macedonia.
Dao- The force of the cosmos that governs the events of the world according to Daoism
Asceticism- Devoted self discipline and avoidance of indulgence to follow a more loyal religious path
Messiah-In religions such as Christianity and Judaism, refers to the one chosen to lead and save the world.
Prophet- an inspired teacher or trainer of God's will
III-
Description-
Belief systems began to correlate to social structure and even began to provide new roles for men and women to hold. Confucianism put more emphasis on its concept of filial piety. Monasticism became more popular in the Buddhist and Christian faiths. Religion began to take greater hold of peoples' daily lives and the way they view their relationships.
Belief systems began to correlate to social structure and even began to provide new roles for men and women to hold. Confucianism put more emphasis on its concept of filial piety. Monasticism became more popular in the Buddhist and Christian faiths. Religion began to take greater hold of peoples' daily lives and the way they view their relationships.
Evidence:
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/464169294.jpg?250)
This old artwork depicts early evidence of the practice of monasticism or devoting ones entire life to faith. An early depiction of monks adapting to the process.
Textual Evidence-
Excerpts from the Analects of Confucius ( 《论语》 )on behavior Confucius loved proper conduct and ceremonies because of the respect these indicated for social order. He studied and based his teachings on ancient texts. He relied on materials that described the correct ways to conduct ceremonies to worship one’s ancestor and gave instructions on how to manage a household, behave at a formal dinner, or name a baby. Confucius also spoke extensively about correct behavior of a junzi, a gentleman. These rules of proper conduct remain important in China to this day.
This textual evidence is a primary document written on the thoughts of Confucius at the time and about his focus on the importance of relationships in one's life. He stresses the respect one must have for their parents and ancestors supporting that filial piety was a main focus at the time.
Excerpts from the Analects of Confucius ( 《论语》 )on behavior Confucius loved proper conduct and ceremonies because of the respect these indicated for social order. He studied and based his teachings on ancient texts. He relied on materials that described the correct ways to conduct ceremonies to worship one’s ancestor and gave instructions on how to manage a household, behave at a formal dinner, or name a baby. Confucius also spoke extensively about correct behavior of a junzi, a gentleman. These rules of proper conduct remain important in China to this day.
This textual evidence is a primary document written on the thoughts of Confucius at the time and about his focus on the importance of relationships in one's life. He stresses the respect one must have for their parents and ancestors supporting that filial piety was a main focus at the time.
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/854588658.jpg?250)
Vocabulary:
Monasticism- A religious way of life in which an individual devotes their entire life to the pursuit of religious work; Monkhood.
Filial Piety- A Confucian philosophy that is a virtue of respect for ones elders and ancestors.
Patriarchy- A system of society where the males dominate leadership over a household and society over all.
Monk- Member of a religious community living under vows of poverty, obedience, and chastity.
Hierarchy- Organization of people above one another in a social system.
Monasticism- A religious way of life in which an individual devotes their entire life to the pursuit of religious work; Monkhood.
Filial Piety- A Confucian philosophy that is a virtue of respect for ones elders and ancestors.
Patriarchy- A system of society where the males dominate leadership over a household and society over all.
Monk- Member of a religious community living under vows of poverty, obedience, and chastity.
Hierarchy- Organization of people above one another in a social system.
IV
Description-
Religions continued to develop into a larger and more complex arrays of traditions and customs. Cultures had effects on beliefs and overtime these developed into related traditions that had a large part in the religions' overall makeups. Certain ways of worship, such as shamanism, animism, and ancestor veneration, took on bigger roles in the population and gained popularity. These ways of worship even on occasion became part of the overall traditional aspect of religions.
Religions continued to develop into a larger and more complex arrays of traditions and customs. Cultures had effects on beliefs and overtime these developed into related traditions that had a large part in the religions' overall makeups. Certain ways of worship, such as shamanism, animism, and ancestor veneration, took on bigger roles in the population and gained popularity. These ways of worship even on occasion became part of the overall traditional aspect of religions.
Evidence:
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/166536343.jpg?250)
Evidence of old tribal shamanism. During the period shaman practices of interacting with the natural and spiritual world through ceremonial rituals gained a slight following.
Textual Evidence
The Compelling Truth.org-
Animism has been practiced since ancient times and is often mentioned in the Bible. The Israelites, for example, were commanded to not follow the practices of the nations around them who followed other gods. The Egyptians who enslaved Israel prior to their wilderness journey followed many deities as animists. In Daniel, the people worshiped "the gods of gold and silver, bronze, iron, wood, and stone"
Textual evidence of how animism has been a commonly recognized religion beginning at times around that of the bible. It began even with the Egyptians using its thoughts to explain the natural world.
The Compelling Truth.org-
Animism has been practiced since ancient times and is often mentioned in the Bible. The Israelites, for example, were commanded to not follow the practices of the nations around them who followed other gods. The Egyptians who enslaved Israel prior to their wilderness journey followed many deities as animists. In Daniel, the people worshiped "the gods of gold and silver, bronze, iron, wood, and stone"
Textual evidence of how animism has been a commonly recognized religion beginning at times around that of the bible. It began even with the Egyptians using its thoughts to explain the natural world.
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/published/225393022.jpg?250)
Vocabulary:
Shamanism- A set of practices centered around manipulating the natural and spiritual world through ceremonies and rituals.
Shaman- An individual member of shamanism thought to have special connections to the spiritual world.
Animism- A belief that material objects are inhabited by spirits.
Ancestor Veneration- Giving a high status and revering elders and ancestors.
Oracle Bones- Bones believed to be a medium between ancestors and their kin.
Shamanism- A set of practices centered around manipulating the natural and spiritual world through ceremonies and rituals.
Shaman- An individual member of shamanism thought to have special connections to the spiritual world.
Animism- A belief that material objects are inhabited by spirits.
Ancestor Veneration- Giving a high status and revering elders and ancestors.
Oracle Bones- Bones believed to be a medium between ancestors and their kin.
Primary Docs-
Laws of Manu- Sacred Text
1 6. A month is a day and a night of the manes, but their division (is as follows): the bright (fortnight)^ is their day for active exertion, the dark (fortnight) their night for sleep.
17. A year is a day and a night of the gods ; the division is (as follows): the half year during which the sun progresses to the north will be the day, that during which it goes southwards the night.
Shows effect of religion on peoples ideas down to the smallest of things.
1 6. A month is a day and a night of the manes, but their division (is as follows): the bright (fortnight)^ is their day for active exertion, the dark (fortnight) their night for sleep.
17. A year is a day and a night of the gods ; the division is (as follows): the half year during which the sun progresses to the north will be the day, that during which it goes southwards the night.
Shows effect of religion on peoples ideas down to the smallest of things.
![Picture](/uploads/9/8/1/6/98164674/4007aa0c2a1be2ab0641fff50dfc91dbf83d04c4-1_orig.jpg)
Primary source artwork from the time displaying people worshiping God. The entire community was affected by the belief.
Your browser does not support viewing this document. Click here to download the document.